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The '''Energy Unit''' (EU) is GregTech's measure of electricity. EU is used to power [[GregTech]], [[IC2]], and [[Applied Energistics 2]] machines. It is also compatible with machines that accept [[Redstone Flux]] (RF) power, converting at a rate of 1 EU to 3.6 RF. RF cannot convert to EU.
GregTech machines and cables often do not interact with raw EU, but rather EU organized with the system of '''Voltage''' (Volts, V) and '''Amperage''' (Amps, A).
'''EU/t''' is a unit describing an amount of EU produced, moved, or consumed in a tick.
=== Quick Tip ===
* If you have X generators of [[Tier]] Y, use cables that can handle X Amperes of Tier Y.
== Voltage and Amperage ==
'''Voltages''' describe certain constants which are EU limits, and determine the Voltage [[Tier|Tiers]].
'''Amps''' are packets, packages, or containers of EU. Amps are also often labeled with a voltage, to indicate how much EU they carry. A label indicates the amp holds anywhere from 1 more than the previous tier's EU limit to this tier's EU limit. For example, 1 LV Amp carries 9-32 EU (often 1-32 as ULV machines don't exist), and 1 MV Amp carries 33-128 EU.
=== Voltage Tiers ===
''Main Article: [[Tier]]''
<!--GregTech: New Horizons has 9 finished Voltage Tiers as of version 2.0.2.5, it also has 3 Voltage Tier partial finished voltage levels(*) and 4 not reachable voltage levels(**).-->
GregTech tiers its progression by different voltages. The voltage of a [[Generator]] (or for a multiblock generator, its [[Dynamo Hatch]]) determines the maximum amount of EU it will generate and put in each generated amp. '''The voltage of a singleblock machine or [[Energy Hatch]] determines the maximum amount of EU that can be present in any drawn amp before the machine explodes.''' The minimum voltage tier of a machine to process a recipe is listed next to the usage or voltage in [[NEI]].
The EU Limit of each subsequent tier is usually 4 times the previous.
Note: When used as numbers in calculations, ULV Tier counts as Tier 0, LV Tier counts as Tier 1, and so on.
{| {{STDT|sortable c_01}}
! Acronym !! Voltage Tier !! EU Limit
|-
!ULV
Line 59 ⟶ 39:
|-
!EV
|Extreme Voltage||
|-
!IV
|Insane Voltage||
|-
!LuV
|Ludicrous Voltage||
|-
!ZPM
|ZPM Voltage||
|-
!UV
|Ultimate Voltage||
|-
!UHV
|Highly Ultimate Voltage||
|-
!UEV
|Extremely Ultimate Voltage||
|-
!UIV
|Insanely Ultimate Voltage||
|-
!UMV
|Mega Ultimate Voltage||
|-
!UXV
|Extended Mega Ultimate Voltage||
|-
!MAX
|Maximum Voltage||
|}
=== Amperage ===
Amps are pushed, not pulled. "Drawn" is synonymous with "accepted" here.
Machines and energy hatches can only draw amps in full to fill their internal EU buffers. The capacity of the internal buffer is listed as "Capacity:" in the machine's or hatch's tooltip. When processing a recipe, a machine will draw from its internal buffer. The current contents of the internal buffer can be checked with the [[Portable Scanner]].
The maximum amount of amps a machine can draw is either listed on its tooltip or recipe-dependent. A machine can draw up to a maximum of <math>\left\lfloor {\frac{2 \times \text{Recipe Usage EU/t}}{\text{Voltage Tier EU Limit}}} \right\rfloor + 1</math> amps to fill its internal buffer. This means that if the machine isn't processing a recipe, it will draw 1 amp to refill the internal buffer. Recipe amperages listed in [[NEI]] are a recommended number to fill the internal buffer at a rate that breaks even against usage.
Several common amperages of GregTech machines can be found in the table below. "Drawing" means "draws up to", unless otherwise stated.
Output amps contain the maximum EU for the outputting machine's voltage tier.
{| {{STDT|c_01}}
! Machine !! Notes
|-
| Singleblock [[Generator|Generators]] || Output 1A of its tier
|-
| [[Energy Hatch|Energy Hatches]] || Draws 2A (second amp mostly for extra draw for loss)
|-
| [[Transformer|Transformers]] Step-Up || Draws 4A lower voltage, outputs 1A higher voltage
|-
| [[Transformer|Transformers]] Step-Down || Draws 1A higher voltage, outputs 4A lower voltage
|-
| [[Battery Buffer|Battery Buffers]] || Draws 2A per Battery, outputs 1A per Battery.
|-
| [[Battery Charger|Battery Chargers]] || Draws 4-8A per Battery, outputs 2-4A per Battery correspondingly.
|-
| [[Arc Furnace]] || Most recipes require 3A to break even against EU/t usage
|-
| [[Thermal Centrifuge]] || Most recipes require 2A to break even against EU/t usage
|}
== Overclocking ==
''Main Article: [[Overclock]]''
Machines of higher tiers can receive overclocks to speed up their recipes.
Regular overclocks double the recipe's speed and total EU consumption, leading to quadrupled EU/t usage. For this reason, overclocking is also called 2/4 overclocking.
A perfect overclock instead quadruples the recipe's speed while keeping the total EU consumption the same. This still leads to quadrupled EU/t usage. For this reason, perfect overclocking is also called 4/4 overclocking.
Machines typically receive one overclock per voltage tier above the minimum required for a recipe.
Singleblock machines can only ever regular overclock.
Multiblock machines perfect overclock on a case-by-case basis; their tooltips contain information on how to achieve perfect overclocks or upgrade overclocks to perfect overclocks. If no information is mentioned, they will regular overclock.
Multiblocks with two energy hatches of the same voltage will always draw 4A to overclock a recipe to a tier higher than the energy hatch voltage (since 4A of the lower voltage contains the same EU as 1A of the higher voltage). This also allows them to run recipes with a minimum requirement of that higher voltage tier.
==Cables and Loss== <!--T:13-->
''Main Article: [[Cable]]''
GregTech EU can be transferred using GregTech [[Cables]].
Rather than priority by destination, power priority is given by cardinal direction. Cables will push power in the following priority:
# Down
# Up
# North
# South
# West
# East
When producing power, each generator will always attempt to empty all of its internal buffer at once. This can cause one generator in a cable network to use fuel more rapidly than another, with order depending on tile entity processing and changing on chunk reloads.<!--T:15-->
All GT Cables have a max Voltage, max Amperage and a Loss/Meter/Ampere, indicated on their tooltip:
*'''Cables which receive amps containing more EU than their maximum Voltage will catch fire and melt.'''
*'''Cables that have more amps travelling through them than their maximum Amperage limit will catch fire and melt.'''<br />Note that machines can request [[Electricity#Voltage and Amperage|more Amperage]] than strictly required by their active recipe.
*Each amp travelling through a cable loses EU per block travelled. The amount of EU lost is indicated by the Loss/Meter/Ampere number.
<!--T:16-->
Each Material has 1x, 2x, 4x, 8x, 12x, and 16x uninsulated Wires. Most of these have cable variants, except for the superconductor wires, graphene wires, and Infinity wire. '''Note that Uninsulated Wires have twice the Loss/Meter/Ampere as Insulated Cables.'''
<!--T:18-->
* A 1x Tin Cable can handle 1A
* A 1x Tin Wire can handle 1A
<!--T:19-->
Below is a table of the current properties of various types of cables in GregTech:
{| {{STDT|sortable c_01}}
! Material !! Max Voltage (EU) !! 1x Insulated Cable Max Amperage (Amp) !! Loss/Meter/Amp (EU) !! Length until 0 Power (Meter)
|-
! Tin
| 32 || 1 || 1
|-
! Cobalt
| 32 || 2 || 2
|-
! Lead
| 32 || 2 || 2
|-
! Zinc
| 32 || 1 || 1
|-
! Soldering Alloy
| 32 || 1 || 1
|-
! Iron
| 128 || 2 || 3
|-
! Nickel
| 128 || 3 || 3
|-
! Cupronickel
| 128 || 2 || 3
|-
! Copper
| 128 || 1 || 2
|-
! Annealed Copper
| 128 || 1 || 1
|-
! Kanthal
| 512 || 4 || 3
|-
! Gold
| 512 || 3 || 2
|-
! Electrum
| 512 || 2 || 2
|-
! Silver
| 512 || 1 || 1
|-
! Blue Alloy
| 512 || 2 || 1
|-
! Energetic Alloy
| 512 || 2 || 2 || 256
|-
! Nichrome
|
|-
! Steel
|
|-
! Black Steel
|
|-
! Titanium
|
|-
! TPV-Alloy
| 2,048 || 6 || 1 || ?
|-
! Vibrant Alloy
| 2,048 || 4 || 2 || ?
|-
! Aluminium
|
|-
! Graphene*
|
|-
! Osmium
|
|-
! Platinum
|
|-
! Tungstensteel
|
|-
! Tungsten
| 8,192 || 2 || 2 || ?
|-
! Melodic Alloy
| 8,192 || 4 || 2 || 4096
|-
! HSS-G
| 32,768 || 4 || 2 || 16384
|-
! Niobium-Titanium
|
|-
! Vanadium-Gallium
|
|-
! Yttrium Barium Cuprate
|
|-
! Stellar Alloy
| 32,768 || 6 || 4 || ?
|-
! HSS-E
| 32,768 || 6 || 2 || ?
|-
! Osmiridium
| 32,768 || 8 || 1 || ?
|-
! Naquadah
| 131,072 || 2 || 2 || ?
|-
! Trinium
| 131,072 || 6 || 4 || ?
|-
! Signalium
| 131,072 || 12 || 4 || ?
|-
! Naquadah Alloy
| 524,288 || 2 || 4 || ?
|-
! Duranium
| 524,288 || 1 || 8 || ?
|-
! Fluxed Electrum
| 524,288 || 3 || 1 || ?
|-
! Lumiium
| 524,288 || 8 || 16 || ?
|-
! Ichorium*
| 2,097,152 || 12 || 2 || ?
|-
! Bedrockium
| 2,097,152 || 2 || 1 || ?
|-
! HSS-S
| 2,097,152 || 6 || 4 || ?
|-
! Draconium
| 8,388,608 || 8 || 4 || ?
|-
! Nether Star
| 33,554,432 || 4 || 4 || ?
|-
! Hypogen
| 33,554,432 || 8 || 0 || inf.
|-
! Quantium
| 134,217,728 || 2 || 4 || ?
|-
! Black Plutonium*
| 536,870,912 || 1 || 16 || ?
|-
! Awakened Draconium
| 2,147,483,640 || 1 || 16 || ?
|-
! Red Alloy
| 8 || 1 || 0 || inf.
|-
! Redstone Alloy
| 32 || 1 || 0 || inf.
|-
!
|
|-
! Superconductor HV*
| 512 || 6 || 0 || inf.
|-
! Superconductor EV*
| 2,048 || 8 || 0 || inf.
|-
! Superconductor IV*
| 8,192 || 12 || 0 || inf.
|-
! Superconductor LuV*
| 32,768 || 16 || 0 || inf.
|-
! Superconductor ZPM*
| 131,072 || 24 || 0 || inf.
|-
! Superconductor UV*
| 524,288 || 32 || 0 || inf.
|-
! Superconductor UHV*
| 2,097,152 || 48 || 0 || inf.
|-
! Superconductor UEV*
| 8,388,608 || 64 || 0 || inf.
|-
! Superconductor UIV*
| 33,554,432 || 64 || 0 || inf.
|-
! Superconductor UMV*
| 134,217,728 || 64 || 0 || inf.
|-
! Infinity
| 2,147,483,640 || 8,192 || 0 || inf.
|-
! SpaceTime
| 2,147,483,640 || 1,000,000 || 0 || inf.
|-
! Superconductor Base MV*
| 128 || 1 || 2 || ?
|-
! Superconductor Base HV*
| 512 || 2 || 8 || ?
|-
! Superconductor Base EV*
| 2,048 || 3 || 16 || ?
|-
! Superconductor Base IV*
| 8,192 || 4 || 64 || ?
|-
! Superconductor Base LuV*
| 32,768 || 6 || 256 || ?
|-
! Superconductor Base ZPM*
| 131,072 || 8 || 1,024 || ?
|-
! Superconductor Base UV*
| 524,288 || 12 || 4,096 || ?
|-
! Superconductor Base UHV*
| 2,097,152 || 16 || 16,384 || ?
|-
! Superconductor Base UEV*
| 8,388,608 || 24 || 65,536 || ?
|-
! Superconductor Base UIV*
| 33,554,432 || 32 || 262,144 || ?
|-
! Superconductor Base UMV*
| 134,217,728 || 32 || 1,048,576 || ?
|}
(*) No insulated version
Superconductors start from MV, and their amperages vary per tier.
== Multi-Amp Generation ==
''Main Article: [[Dynamo Hatch]]''
[[Multiblock]] Generators use [[Dynamo Hatch|Dynamo Hatches]] to output power. These come in 1A, 4A, 16A, and 64A variants. These generators will always attempt to fill existing generated amps with EU before generating more amps.
== Output Loss ==
<!--T:21-->
{{Cleanup|Verify this loss mechanic still exists in 2.6.1}}
Any GT Block outputting EU has an energy loss on output. This means there is no such thing as lossless power transfer. A power outputting singleblock will take <math>8\times4^{tier}+2^{max(0, tier-1)}</math> EU from its internal buffer and output <math>8\times4^{tier}</math> EU (which is always the maximum EU one amp of that voltage tier can hold). For example, a [[LV]] [[Combustion Generator]] draws 33 EU from its internal buffer to generate 1 amp holding 32 EU. The energy lost is therefore <math>2^{max(0, tier-1)}</math>. ULV is an exception, having the same loss value as LV, i.e. 1 EU.
{| {{STDT|
! Tier !! Output (EU) !! Loss (EU) !! Loss
|-
! ULV
| 8 || 1 || 12.5 || 9
|-
! LV
| 32 || 1 || 3.0303 || 33
|-
! MV
| 128 || 2 || 1.5384 || 130
|-
! HV
| 512 || 4 || 0.77519|| 516
|-
! EV
| 2048 || 8 || 0.38911 || 2056
|-
! IV
| 8192 || 16 || 0.19493 || 8208
|-
! LuV
| 32768 || 32 || 0.097561 || 32800
|-
!
| 131072 || 64 || 0.048804 || 131136
|-
! UV
| 524288 || 128 || 0.024408 || 524416
|}
== Transformers ==
[[File:Gregtech_Machines_Transformer.jpg|right|thumb|Picture of a Transformer in default mode transferring 1 amp of HV into 4 amps of MV.]]
''Main Article: [[Transformer]]''
Transformers convert EU between voltage tiers. In Step Up mode, they draw up to 4 amps of a lower voltage to fill their internal buffers, and draw from their internal buffers to produce 1A of a higher voltage. This can allow lower tier amps to power higher tier machines which may only draw 1-2 A for a recipe. Similarly, in Step Down mode, they draw 1 amp of a higher voltage to fill their internal buffers, and draw from their internal buffers to produce up to 4A of a lower voltage. This allows use of higher tier power generators with lower tier machines while preventing explosions. Use a [[GT Tools#Soft Mallet|Soft Mallet]] to switch the mode.
The big dot with a plus is the high voltage side and is the front face, while the five smaller circles are the lower voltage sides. Regardless of mode, the big dot is ''always'' for the higher voltage. That means in Step Up mode, transformers have one output, five inputs, and in Step Down mode, they have five outputs, one input.
The output loss section above applies to transformer outputs as well.
=== Power Transformer and Hi-Amp Transformer ===
Line 312 ⟶ 453:
In inverted mode it will transform 64 amps lower voltage to 16 amps of higher voltage.
=== Active Transformer ===
The [[Active Transformer]] is a [[Multiblock|multiblock]] unlocked in [[ZPM]] tier that can transform to and from any voltage, accepting energy with an [[Energy Hatch]] and outputting energy with a [[Dynamo Hatch]]. '''Wrenching or modifying the Active Transformer while it is running will cause it to explode.'''
==Trivia==
* GregTech's power system is called the GT Enet API (Enet).
* Since version 5.0 (for Minecraft 1.7.2), GregTech has its own Energy System since [[GregoriusT]] wasn't satisfied with [[IC2 Experimental]]'s Energy System.
{{Quotation|The reasons of why I removed compatibility to the IC² Enet are that Cable Loss doesn't work, that the Network doesn't have Packets anymore and that it switched from Integer to Double (what is horrible for larger Energy Storages). Not to mention that it is very hard to have control over Energy flow without constantly registering and unregistering TileEntities.|GregoriusT}}
Line 343 ⟶ 464:
==See Also==
* [[Snagger's Electricity Guide for New Players]]
* [[Automatic Energy Toggle Guide]]
</div>
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