Oil Cracking Unit

Introduction

The Gregtech Oil Cracking Unit is a multi-block that thermally cracks heavy hydrocarbons into lighter fractions. Unlike cracking with a chemical reactor, which cracks with 80% efficiency, an Oil Cracking Unit will quickly crack with 100% efficiency.

How to Build

An Oil Cracking Unit is a hollow 5x3x3 (WxHxD) structure that requires:

-1 Controller block; front, centered along one of the 5 block wide sides
-1 Maintenance Hatch; anywhere
-1 Energy hatch; anywhere
-1 Input Bus/Hatch for the hydrocarbon to be cracked; any left/right side (1x3x3) ring casings. This must be on the ring opposite of the ring with the cracked hydrocarbon output hatch
-1 Output Hatch for the cracked hydrocarbon; any left/right side (1x3x3) ring casings. This must be on the ring opposite of the ring with the hydrocarbon input hatch.
-1 Input Hatch for Steam/Hydrogen input; any middle ring (1x3x3) casings
-2 Sets of 8x Cupronickel Coil Blocks, forming a hollow ring on each immediate side of the controller
-Clean Stainless Steel Machine Casings everywhere else

Note that the Oil Cracking Unit, like many other multiblocks, can share walls with other Oil Cracking Units, or technically with anything that uses the same parts.

Maximizing Output Calculation and Conclusion

This section is the challenging part of mathematical theory! Here, we will use the language of linear algebra to calculate the best output method, providing a theoretical basis for petrochemical production lines. If you wish to skip the theoretical part, please move to the main conclusions in the Petrochemical section.

We know that each type of desulfurized fuel can be cracked and distilled into chemicals and two other types of fuels. Therefore, after one cracking and distillation, the fuel is not entirely consumed, and we need to calculate the cracking of the remaining fuel.

The initial approach, which is to maximize the panel output of the target product from each type of oil, might not be the best combination of cracking. We will represent the proportions of the three types of fuel cracking each other using matrices up to the third order. By using matrix multiplication iteratively and summing infinitely, we can calculate the real maximum output. If heavy fuel is distilled into toluene, the matrix becomes of the second order (the target product should not be toluene). If light fuel is stirred to generate diesel for electricity, the matrix degenerates to a scalar.

A critical point to mention is that heavy cracking under the same pressure slows down the cracking speed. It generally does not affect the use of crude oil; the ultimate bottleneck is still in crude oil distillation. However, for heavy oil, careful planning is needed. If using heavy cracking for heavy fuel, a single cracking unit might not be fast enough. However, heavy distillation of heavy fuel is almost non-existent. If your cracking unit is lagging, please consider increasing the pressure or adding more electrical equipment.

This article is only a theoretical calculation, valuable for reference, but there is no need to completely mimic the methods described here.

Variable Definitions and Interpretations

First, let's define each variable:

$\kappa$: The ratio of the final product from cracking and distillation per barrel of crude oil (not necessarily petroleum) under a specific combination of cracking methods.

$\delta$: The crude oil distillation ratio.

$A$: The cracking matrix for the three types of fuel under a specific combination, where each element represents the proportion of one fuel type converting to another. Each ROW correspond to a part of a single recipe in NEI.

Note that in the new version, when using steam cracking distillation, each element of A must be multiplied by a factor of 1.2.

$\alpha$: The yield rate of the target product from each type of fuel under a specific cracking combination.

Here, κ is a scalar, while δ and α are column vectors up to three dimensions. Note that we generally use the row vector of δ^T. In this case, we default the order from light to heavy—namely, naphtha, light fuel, and heavy fuel. This order may differ from previous tables, so please pay attention.

1B of BC crude oil can yield 0.4B of naphtha, 1B of light fuel, and 0.3B of heavy fuel, therefore, $\delta ^{T}=\left({\begin{array}{c}0.4\\1\\0.3\end{array}}\right)$

The other parameters are similar, and readers can refer to the previous tables for understanding. In this example, all cracking methods are heavy steam, with the target product being ethylene.

Calculation Formula

Now, let's give the specific calculation formula. After inputting a certain amount (a large amount) of a type of crude oil, the first cracking and distillation are performed:

The conversion ratio of the target product in this instance is $\kappa _{0}=\delta ^{T}\alpha$ The remaining fuel ratio is $\delta ^{T}A$

In the second instance, the remaining fuel undergoes further cracking and distillation.

The conversion ratio of the target product up to this point is $\kappa _{1}=\kappa _{0}+\delta ^{T}A\alpha =\delta ^{T}(I+A)\alpha$ The remaining fuel ratio is $\delta ^{T}A^{2}$

This process can be repeated many times, theoretically infinitely, leading to $\kappa _{n}=\delta ^{T}\sum _{i=0}^{n}A^{i}\alpha$ Taking n to infinity, we get $\kappa =\delta ^{T}\sum _{\infty }^{n=0}A^{n}\alpha$

The infinite sum is similar to a geometric series, and using Taylor's theorem for multivariate functions, we can obtain $\sum _{n=0}^{\infty }A^{n}=(I-A)^{-1}$ (Note: The negative exponent represents the matrix inversion operation.)

Thus, the formula simplifies to $\kappa =\delta ^{T}(I-A)^{-1}\alpha$

We need to maximize κ under all conditions that meet the constraints (such as not using hydrogen cracking or heavy cracking, etc.). Please note, the type of oil might affect the outcome, but we have not encountered this situation yet.

When stirring to make diesel but not directly distilling heavy fuel, the fuel cracking matrix A changes. This situation might occur when using heavy oil for electricity generation and cracking heavy fuel to obtain petrochemical by-products in the early to mid-stages. In such cases, the light fuel output in the matrix should be set to zero, and the heavy fuel should be reduced by 0.2 times the light fuel output. Similarly, in δ (crude oil distillation), the light fuel output and 0.2 times the light fuel output in heavy fuel should be removed.

For example, in the matrix of the example, if this operation is performed, then:

$\delta =\left({\begin{array}{c}0.4\\1-1\\0.3-0.2\times 1\end{array}}\right)=\left({\begin{array}{c}0.4\\0\\0.1\end{array}}\right)$

$A=\left({\begin{array}{ccc}0&0.1-0.1&0.125-0.1\times 0.2\\0&0-0&0.1-0\times 0.2\\0.05&0-0.05&0-0.05\times 0.2\end{array}}\right)=\left({\begin{array}{ccc}0&0&0.105\\0&0&0.1\\0.025&0&-0.01\end{array}}\right)$

As light fuel does not produce any chemical products, we can eliminate the second row and second column, making it a second-order matrix and completely ignoring light fuel in subsequent calculations (as it's no longer present).

Calculator

Well, there's a calculator which was mainly contributed by core.exe: GTNHPetroOptim

It needs Python to run. Feel free to manipulate the parameters in the code and derived the result you want by yourself.